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Articles & Insights
Deep dives on EU digital regulation, payments, infrastructure and engineering practice: written for the people who have to build and ship the thing.

China Market
ByteDance's search engine now refuses to add a site without an ICP filing. What that means for a site hosted abroad, why blocking Bytespider also blocks Toutiao Search, and what still works without a filing.

China Market
Tencent's search engine now refuses to add a site without an ICP filing. What Sogou is, what its link to WeChat really is, what the filing requires and how a foreign site can still be found.

China Market
Since April 2026, 360's webmaster platform refuses sites without an ICP filing. How much traffic 360 sends, what the filing requires, how submission works with one and what still works without.

Cybersecurity
Two critical PHP flaws let an attacker run code on a web server with a single request. Who is affected, which versions have a fix, what to do if you cannot patch today, how to check for a break-in, and what you may have to report.

Cybersecurity
Eight eMudhra CA keys were numbers below 256. Browsers blocked them within hours; servers, containers, Java apps and devices did not. What to check today, what to update this week, GoDaddy's mass revocation, and how to make the next incident routine.

E-Commerce
Where each AI shopping programme stands: what ChatGPT, Google AI Mode, Copilot, Amazon Buy for Me and Meta Muse read, where the purchase happens, which countries are live, and what a store on its own software has to build.

E-Commerce
OpenAI's Agentic Commerce Protocol, Google's Universal Commerce Protocol and the Agent Payments Protocol side by side: versions, endpoints, payment handling, who supports what after March 2026, and which one your store actually needs.

Payments
How AI agents pay with network tokens and delegated credentials, what Visa's rules say about agentic transactions and the dispute evidence change of 24 October 2026, what Stripe, PayPal and Adyen offer, and who carries the risk.

AI & Software
What WebMCP is, who calls its tools today, the imperative and declarative APIs with working code, the origin trial token, how to write tools that are safe to call, and what to fix first for every agent.

Payments
How x402 and Stripe's Machine Payments Protocol charge AI agents per request, what AWS and Cloudflare offer at the edge, what an independent measurement found behind the volume figures, and the GENIUS Act and MiCA questions.

E-Commerce
How Amazon's agent places orders on your own store, what such an order looks like, how to handle it in analytics, fraud rules and customer service, what a product feed changes, and how to opt out.

Data & Cloud
The same two workloads priced on 24 cloud providers headquartered in Europe and on AWS and Azure in Frankfurt, then checked for what the price leaves out: zones, database standbys, ownership, SLAs and onboarding.

Data & Cloud
A privately held German host with near-free bandwidth and dedicated servers next to the cloud, but no managed database, no managed Kubernetes, no availability zones and a hard 2026 for its prices and capacity.

Data & Cloud
OVHcloud includes instance egress in every European region and sells everything from managed PostgreSQL to H100 GPUs, but outside Paris and Milan every region is a single zone.

Data & Cloud
Of the European-controlled providers we checked, Scaleway has the widest catalogue of AWS-style managed services and charges nothing per gigabyte for egress, but its managed database keeps the standby in the same data centre.

Data & Cloud
IONOS Cloud has the lowest total in this series for a production workload with every part included, but an IONOS zone is another host in the same data centre and only businesses may sign up.

Data & Cloud
The Schwarz Group's cloud sells a broad set of managed services under a precise German contract and charges nothing for traffic, but only businesses may sign up and plain VMs cost more than at budget clouds.

Data & Cloud
A Finnish provider with ten European zones, a compact managed cloud and round-the-clock support chat on every account, but each city is one data centre and the SLA names no credit percentage.

Data & Cloud
A Swiss cloud owned by the A1 group, with managed Kubernetes and PostgreSQL on one price list for eight zones, but each zone is one facility and its control plane failed in all eight at once in September 2026.

Data & Cloud
Deutsche Telekom's public cloud, Open Telekom Cloud until January 2026, offers a catalogue shaped like a hyperscaler's and a PostgreSQL standby in another zone, and costs more than AWS for our production workload.

Data & Cloud
Infomaniak's OpenStack cloud gave the lowest totals in this series and keeps data in its own Swiss data centres, but MySQL is its only managed database and 2026 brought a long network incident.

Data & Cloud
A Luxembourg company that grew out of a CDN, with free egress from VMs and GPU clusters and a free highly available Kubernetes control plane, but no availability zones, queues or key management.

Data & Cloud
A Dutch host whose strengths are bare metal in volume and cheap traffic, with a thin public cloud catalogue, zones only in Amsterdam and a business-only signup behind a KYC check.

Data & Cloud
Aruba's developer cloud has cheap compute, free egress from virtual machines and its own Rated-4 data centres in Italy, but no managed PostgreSQL and every managed service in one region.

Data & Cloud
A Stockholm OpenStack cloud that keeps data in Sweden, includes 24x7 support in every price and pays SLA credits of up to 100%, and is the most expensive full production option in this series.

Data & Cloud
A Swedish OpenStack provider, formerly City Network, with an EU-only data path written into its contract at flat, moderate prices, but no published SLA and no zones on its self-service cloud.

Data & Cloud
The former Fuga Cloud runs plain OpenStack in Amsterdam and Frankfurt with three zones each and no charge for instance egress, but sells managed PostgreSQL only as a closed beta.

Data & Cloud
In Europe a developer can now open a CloudSigma account only in Geneva and Dublin, and gets plain KVM servers that are cheap on a monthly subscription, with no managed database or load balancer.

Data & Cloud
A Cologne provider selling an OpenStack cloud and a VMware cloud side by side, with free traffic, stable per-resource prices and a downloadable BSI C5 report, but unclear ownership.

Data & Cloud
A Stockholm company that wants to build Europe's first hyperscaler and today sells a small self-serve IaaS in one region, with a data-control contract and B200 GPUs at EUR 8.00 an hour.

Data & Cloud
A Nantes platform as a service that deploys from git or a Dockerfile next to managed databases and storage, with support included and public postmortems, but single-machine databases by default.

Data & Cloud
The former Platform.sh is a French company whose European regions run mostly on AWS, Google Cloud and Azure, selling a Git-driven platform where every branch becomes a full copy of the stack.

Data & Cloud
A Paris serverless platform, part of Mistral AI since spring 2026, that runs autoscaling container services with GPUs and PostgreSQL on one bill, but has no object storage or queues.

Data & Cloud
A London developer platform that runs services, databases and preview environments on Kubernetes for you, majority held by US venture firms and running every managed region on Google Cloud.

Data & Cloud
A Dutch, Nasdaq-listed GPU cloud where a new account can start up to 32 H100s in Finland without a sales call, at 39% less than AWS, but whose GPU prices rose twice in 2026 on short notice.

Data & Cloud
A London GPU cloud with sites in Norway, Iceland and Portugal, where a small team can buy only an OpenAI-compatible model API by card, and everything else needs a reserved contract.

Tax & Finance Systems
What an in-house, AS/400 or customised ERP must change for Spain's B2B e-invoicing: the formats, the UBL copy for AEAT, four-day payment reporting and a plan to 6 October 2027.

Data & Cloud
What a home-grown or heavily customized claims, UM or member system must add for CMS-0057-F: four FHIR APIs, prior authorization data, consent and attribution, and an eleven-week plan to January 1, 2027.

E-Commerce
What a custom checkout, booking engine or billing system must change for Australia's 1 July 2027 rules: fees beside every price, online cancellation and a plan to get there.

Analytics
What Rybbit is, how it counts visitors without cookies, and how to self-host it with Docker. Privacy settings, prices, and how it compares with GA4, Matomo and Plausible.

Company Formation
Forming the company is the easy part. The EIN without an SSN, the bank that rejects an agent's address, and the Form 5472 due every year are where founders abroad get stuck.

Tax & Finance Systems
What a home-grown or customised ERP has to produce for UAE e-invoicing: PINT-AE fields, credit notes, the five-corner flow, provider integration and a nine-month plan to 1 July 2027.

Tax & Finance Systems
German firms above €800,000 turnover must issue EN 16931 e-invoices from 1 January 2027. What custom billing and ERP systems need to change, and a plan for the last quarter of 2026.

Tax & Finance Systems
Spanish companies must still invoice from adapted software before 1 January 2027; a move to October 2028 is announced but not yet law. What bespoke systems must build, who signs, and how to plan.

Tax & Finance Systems
From 1 September 2027 French PME issue e-invoices and file e-reporting through an approved platform. What an in-house billing system or custom ERP has to output, and an 11-month plan.

Tax & Finance Systems
PIS and Cofins end and CBS starts on 1 January 2027. What in-house and customised ERPs must change in tax logic, item classification, credits and NF-e and NFS-e output.

Tax & Finance Systems
Japan plans to tax food at 1% from 1 April 2027 to 31 March 2029. What changes in POS, invoices, EDI, ERP and subscription billing, and who must build it.

Tax & Finance Systems
From 1 January 2027 Slovak VAT payers must issue domestic invoices as Peppol e-invoices, and EDIFACT invoices stop counting. What to build on a custom system, and a 90-day plan.

Tax & Finance Systems
From 1 October 2027, B2B goods movements in Serbia need an electronic delivery note and a receipt confirmation within days. What to build against the Ministry API, and a 12-month plan.

Tax & Finance Systems
Fawtara starts on 1 April 2027 for supplies above OMR 5 million and on 1 October 2027 for everyone else, with one e-invoice per B2C sale. What custom ERP and POS systems must change, and a plan.

Tax & Finance Systems
From 1 January 2027 every in-person sale in Czechia, cash or card, is reported to the tax authority as it happens. What in-house tills, kiosks and payment apps must build, and a 90-day plan.

Platform Migrations
Microsoft is switching off Exchange Web Services in Exchange Online, for good on 1 April 2027. What changes this month, how to find your EWS usage, and what a Graph rewrite involves.

Platform Migrations
No extensions and no one-click tool. Where web and worker roles can go, what changes in code (RoleEntryPoint, RoleEnvironment, certificates, startup tasks, Web Forms) and a six-month plan.

Platform Migrations
End of mainstream maintenance for SAP ECC is a price step, not a shutdown. What the 2030 and 2033 options involve, and why custom ABAP, interfaces and data decide your real migration date.

Platform Migrations
Three CMS versions lose security support within three weeks. What the moves to Drupal 11, Umbraco 17 and Xperience by Kentico involve, what extended support exists, and how to decide.

Platform Migrations
Connect loses support on 31 January 2027. If your Jira or Confluence app was built in-house or by a partner, nobody else will move it. How to find it, rebuild it on Forge and migrate its data.

EU Compliance
From 20 January 2027 machines must identify their safety software, record legitimate and illegitimate changes and keep a five-year tracing log. What that means for PLC, HMI and remote access.

Payments
Euro area payment and e-money institutions must send and receive instant euro transfers by 9 April 2027; providers outside the euro must send them, with Verification of Payee, by 9 July 2027. What to build and when.

Data Protection
Notices, consent records, one-year logs, erasure jobs, breach intimation and parental consent: what India's DPDP Rules require in software by 13 May 2027, and a seven-month plan to get there.

Digital Identity
From 1 April 2027, online onboarding in Japan must read the ID chip or use JPKI. What ends, what remains, and what changes in your app, back end and records.

Tax & Finance Systems
From fiscal years starting 1 April 2027, Japanese GAAP puts almost every lease on the balance sheet. What changes in contract data, calculation, journals and ERP integration, with a six-month plan.

Accessibility
US state and local governments face WCAG 2.1 AA from 26 April 2027 and HHS-funded providers from 11 May 2027. What the rules cover, the exceptions, why overlays fall short, and a plan.

Asian Markets
Naver says no registration is needed to appear, but Search Advisor helps. How to verify, let Yeti in, submit a sitemap and crawl requests, and register with Daum.

Asian Markets
Komdigi is naming foreign platforms with deadlines of a week or less. Who has to register as a PSE, how the OSS filing works without an Indonesian company, and what follows.

AI Compliance
Who registers high-risk and Article 6(3) systems in the EU database, what Annex VIII asks for, and why 2 December 2027 is the working date after the Digital Omnibus.

EU Compliance
One EU company form, registered in 48 hours for at most €100, with no minimum capital and stock options taxed only on sale. What COM(2026) 321 contains, what it leaves out, and a realistic timeline.

Collaboration
What is Nextcloud, how does it work, and how do you set it up for a business? Files, office documents and video calls on your own servers, with full data ownership.

Advertising
Self-serve advertising in ChatGPT is live in more than 60 countries. A walkthrough of Ads Manager Beta: objectives, context hints instead of keywords, the seven day budget maths and the conversion tracking to set up first.

AI Compliance
Gemini and Claude watermark their text, OpenAI has started to, and no public tool checks text for any of the marks. How SynthID-Text works, which detectors exist and who may use them, and what the accuracy numbers really say.

DevOps
The free self-managed tier has no user limit. What that really buys you, how to deploy it properly, and the backup, upgrade and runner problems that cause most incidents.

Collaboration
What the free edition actually includes, how to deploy it properly, and the push notification, calls and migration problems that catch first-time self-hosters.

Payments
A 36-PSP pilot from H2 2027, a 2029 issuance target and trilogues underway. What the digital euro means for checkout, order state and reconciliation.

EU Compliance
Every proposed EU digital law still in the legislative machine, what stage it is at, and which of it should actually influence what you build now.

Data & Cloud
Why the mechanism is public procurement rather than direct regulation, and what an honest infrastructure and dependency map actually requires.

EU Compliance
Spectrum, consolidation, edge and cloud convergence, and the fair share fight, which the proposal answers with conciliation rather than a network fee.

Digital Identity
Verifiable company credentials and mandates under eIDAS 2. What it fixes in B2B onboarding and procurement, and the data model work that has to come first.

E-Commerce
False urgency, confirmshaming, drip pricing, asymmetric cancellation and personalised pricing. What the proposal targets and what to fix before it lands.

Payments
PSD3 and the PSR agreed and awaiting formal adoption, FiDA stalled. Fraud liability, SCA, open banking performance and what it means for payment architecture.

EU Funding
Every EU technology funding programme, what it actually funds, roughly how much money is involved, and an honest filter for whether applying is worth your time.

EU Funding
EUR 93.5 billion, three pillars, and a low success rate. What actually gets funded in Cluster 4, and the cascade funding route almost nobody uses.

EU Funding
It funds deployment, not research, which is why it fits far more companies than Horizon Europe. Data spaces, EDIHs and the 50 percent co-funding catch.

EU Funding
Blended finance for single companies, continuous submission from 2026, and a success rate in the single digits. Who it suits and who it does not.

AI Compliance
AI factories, gigafactories and what they mean if you are not building a data centre. How to get access to European compute, and what porting actually costs.

EU Funding
Allocated compute is often free and dramatically cheaper than cloud for the right workload. The access routes, and an honest account of why it is not cloud.

EU Funding
EUR 3.3 billion, five pilot lines and a subsidised design platform. What went wrong with the first Act and what the Chips Act 2.0 proposed in June 2026 would change.

EU Funding
You cannot apply to STEP. What it actually does across eleven programmes, and why the Sovereignty Seal changes the maths on applying at all.

EU Funding
Submarine cables, backbone networks and 5G corridors. Which topics are oversubscribed, which are not, and why studies come before works.

EU Funding
Current programmes expire end of 2027. What consolidation into one fund means, the proposed doubling of Horizon Europe, and the transition gap to plan for.

EU Compliance
AI Act, Accessibility Act, Data Act, NIS2, Cyber Resilience Act and more. A practical map of every EU regulation now touching your website, with the real deadlines.

E-Commerce
Generic green claims are banned, harmonised guarantee notices become mandatory, and GPSR listing data is still missing from most catalogues.

AI Compliance
Article 50 applies from 2 August 2026. Chatbot disclosure, machine-readable marking of AI content, and the revised high-risk deadlines.

Payments
What the European Payments Initiative wallet is, how merchant integration works through your PSP, and what building it actually costs.

Cybersecurity
Reporting has applied since 11 September 2026, with a 24 hour clock. Scope, SBOM pipelines, vulnerability monitoring, incident runbooks and full application in December 2027.

Digital Identity
Relying party registration, credential standards, age verification and KYC use cases, and what is worth building before the deadline.

Data Protection
The Commission would move cookie rules into GDPR; the Council's text keeps them in ePrivacy. What is proposed, what regulators enforce today, and what to change now.

Data & Cloud
From 12 September 2026 connected products must be designed for data access by default, and cloud switching charges end in January 2027.

Payments
Instant euro transfers and free Verification of Payee. What it means for checkout, payouts, reconciliation and the payee name on your invoices.

Accessibility
Scope, EN 301 549 and WCAG 2.1 AA requirements, accessibility statements, national penalties, and a realistic remediation plan.

Cybersecurity
Who is in scope, registration duties, the 24 hour early warning, the ten required measures, and what customers now ask suppliers to prove.

Data Protection
What GDPR requires from a website, expressed as things you build: data inventory, lawful bases, consent records, subject access requests and retention jobs.

China Market
Complete guide to getting indexed on Baidu: account requirements, site verification, and SEO tips for the Chinese market.

China Market
Baidu Webmaster Tools has no English interface. Here is every screen explained, what it maps to in Search Console, and where the process really stops.

China Market
How to prove domain ownership to Baidu with the HTML file or the meta tag, what the CNAME suspension means, and why verification fails when your setup looks correct.

China Market
Realistic Baidu indexing timelines for a foreign site, what each submission channel is worth, and the technical faults that quietly add weeks to the wait.

China Market
A feature-by-feature map of Baidu Search Resource Platform onto Google Search Console, and what actually changes ranking for a European site.

Marketing Automation
What is Mautic, how does it work, and how to set it up? The complete guide to self-hosted marketing automation with full data ownership.

AI & Software
Explore how AI is revolutionizing software development by enabling adaptive, self-optimizing applications that evolve with user needs and technological advancements.

Analytics
What is Matomo analytics dashboard, how does it work, and how to set it up? Learn about privacy-first analytics with full data ownership.
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